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Best understand the influence of 3-Methyladenine clinical trials cultural socialization for adolescent adjustment (Mistry Wu, 2010; Priest et al., 2014). Family-Peer Profiles of Cultural Socialization and Adolescent Well-being While we identified a beneficial effect for adolescent well-being when family and peer cultural socialization were PD150606 site congruently high using a variable-centered approach, it was unclear whether such congruence actually emerges in adolescents’ lives. Determining the commonality of this experience was critical given the common perception of dissonance across contexts, such that racial/ethnic minority families often highly endorse one’s heritage culture whereas peer groups practice the mainstream American culture (Qin, 2009). Although this notion was supported by the mean-level differences in heritage cultural socialization that we observed in this study, using a variable-centered approach, we identified roughly equal proportions of adolescents experiencing congruently high (36 ), congruently low (38 ), and incongruent heritage cultural socialization from their families and peers (26 ). Similar profiles were identified for mainstream cultural socialization, except that the pattern of the incongruent profile was reversed–for the incongruent heritage cultural socialization profile, heritage culture was more highly endorsed at home than in peer groups; for the incongruent mainstream cultural socialization profile, mainstream American culture was practiced more often in peer groups than at home. The opposite pattern for the incongruent profiles was consistent with theories asserting families as the transmitters of heritage culture and peers as more relevant for the transmission of the mainstream American culture (Costigan Dokis, 2006; Uma -Taylor et al., 2009; Zhou, 1997). More importantly, our study demonstrates that, while family-peer incongruence was present for some adolescents, the majority of adolescents experienced congruent socialization across family and peer settings, although these socialization practices could occur at congruently high or congruently low levels. This congruence was somewhat unexpected, and it may, in part, be due to the fact that our participants attended schools with a high percentage of sameethnic peers. However, prior research with large samples from diverse schools suggests that adolescents often share similar views of race/ethnicity with their close friends (Hamm, 2000). In fact, the broader literature on family and peer relationships often finds concurrence in these two proximal environments (for a review, see B. B. Brown Bakken, 2011). That said, future work is needed to investigate the generalizability of our findings for adolescents attending more ethnically diverse schools as well as those living outside ethnic enclaves. We also observed that congruence versus incongruence in cultural socialization messages had different developmental implications. The adolescents in the congruently high heritage or mainstream cultural socialization group appeared to be quite well-adjusted, with the congruence likely supporting their ability to make smooth transitions in their “multiple worlds” (e.g., families, peers, schools), consistent with early qualitative work (Phelan et al., 1991). Given the congruent, positive socialization messages about race/ethnicity from their important others, these adolescents are likely able to develop a coherent, positive sense of self and behave consistently across contexts. This congruently h.Best understand the influence of cultural socialization for adolescent adjustment (Mistry Wu, 2010; Priest et al., 2014). Family-Peer Profiles of Cultural Socialization and Adolescent Well-being While we identified a beneficial effect for adolescent well-being when family and peer cultural socialization were congruently high using a variable-centered approach, it was unclear whether such congruence actually emerges in adolescents’ lives. Determining the commonality of this experience was critical given the common perception of dissonance across contexts, such that racial/ethnic minority families often highly endorse one’s heritage culture whereas peer groups practice the mainstream American culture (Qin, 2009). Although this notion was supported by the mean-level differences in heritage cultural socialization that we observed in this study, using a variable-centered approach, we identified roughly equal proportions of adolescents experiencing congruently high (36 ), congruently low (38 ), and incongruent heritage cultural socialization from their families and peers (26 ). Similar profiles were identified for mainstream cultural socialization, except that the pattern of the incongruent profile was reversed–for the incongruent heritage cultural socialization profile, heritage culture was more highly endorsed at home than in peer groups; for the incongruent mainstream cultural socialization profile, mainstream American culture was practiced more often in peer groups than at home. The opposite pattern for the incongruent profiles was consistent with theories asserting families as the transmitters of heritage culture and peers as more relevant for the transmission of the mainstream American culture (Costigan Dokis, 2006; Uma -Taylor et al., 2009; Zhou, 1997). More importantly, our study demonstrates that, while family-peer incongruence was present for some adolescents, the majority of adolescents experienced congruent socialization across family and peer settings, although these socialization practices could occur at congruently high or congruently low levels. This congruence was somewhat unexpected, and it may, in part, be due to the fact that our participants attended schools with a high percentage of sameethnic peers. However, prior research with large samples from diverse schools suggests that adolescents often share similar views of race/ethnicity with their close friends (Hamm, 2000). In fact, the broader literature on family and peer relationships often finds concurrence in these two proximal environments (for a review, see B. B. Brown Bakken, 2011). That said, future work is needed to investigate the generalizability of our findings for adolescents attending more ethnically diverse schools as well as those living outside ethnic enclaves. We also observed that congruence versus incongruence in cultural socialization messages had different developmental implications. The adolescents in the congruently high heritage or mainstream cultural socialization group appeared to be quite well-adjusted, with the congruence likely supporting their ability to make smooth transitions in their “multiple worlds” (e.g., families, peers, schools), consistent with early qualitative work (Phelan et al., 1991). Given the congruent, positive socialization messages about race/ethnicity from their important others, these adolescents are likely able to develop a coherent, positive sense of self and behave consistently across contexts. This congruently h.

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Author: Gardos- Channel