Lgorithm 1 determines a rock-fall hazard level and manages it.Appl. Sci. 2021, 11,ten ofAlgorithm 1. To compute a rock-fall threat, Classifying the risk level, and performing the rock-fall risk reduction action Step 1: Inputs Read (video frames from camera) Read (weather data from sensors)^ Step two: Detect the moving rocks P x T , BG : according to Equation (six) Step 3: Predict the rock fall occasion p(x): according to Equation (2) Step 4: Compute the rock fall risk P( Danger) according to Equation (three) Step 5: Classify the hazard level: Classifying the hazard level in to three levels if (P( Risk) 1 10-3 ) then Unacceptable level if (P( Danger) 1 10-6 and 1 10-3 ) then Tolerable level if (P( Danger) 1 10-6 ) then Acceptable level Step 6: Carry out the rock-fall danger reduction action Generate light and sound alarms in case of Unacceptable level (Red light+ sound) in case of Tolerable level (Yellow light) in case of Acceptable level (Green light) Save (x1 , x2 , x3 , p(x)) each 30 min Step 7: Return to Step4.8. Hybrid Early Warning Technique The proposed hybrid early warning method (HEWS) was implemented using a platform that combines hardware and application components. four.8.1. Hardware Elements Figure 7 illustrates the proposed system block diagram, and it defines the relationships on the hardware components and their attributes. It receives input through weather sensors and cameras, and its output is displayed via an optical panel plus the electric horn.Figure 7. Hybrid early warning method block diagram.Appl. Sci. 2021, 11,11 ofA minicomputer (Raspberry Pi v3) was applied to execute device computations, which seem in the central part of this graph. The minicomputer was fitted with USB ports, digital ports, and analogue ports. This single-board machine enables sensors as well as other devices to become connected. The left a part of this diagram shows a temperature sensor in addition to a rain gage. The temperature sensor is utilized to measure surrounding air temperature and generate a digital signal every single two seconds (0.five Hz sampling rate). The rain gauge is often a Tacrine Biological Activity tipping-bucket rain scale used using a resolution of 0.1 mm per tip to measure instantaneous rainfall. The one particular bucket tip produces 1 electrical signal (pulse). You can find 4 devices within the appropriate component: the light warning screen, the relay module, the electric horn, and the WIFI module. The light warning panel is really a 24 24 cm frame with an RGB LED matrix with higher light strength. Suppose each color is determined by the certain degree of hazard: this panel shows the warning light alert in 3 distinct colors (green, black, and red). The relay module consists of a photoelectric coupler with anti-interference insulating capacity. It supports the Raspberry Pi by basic purpose input/output (GPIO) pins to drive the electric horn and the optical screen. The bottom section of this graph displays the energy method employed through the day to preserve electrical power. It consists of a solar panel, a battery pack, and an intelligent solar charge controller. The solar panel transforms photo energy into electrical power. Throughout hours of darkness, the battery pack can be a backup power source for the device. The intelligent solar charge controller was utilised to supply the device and refresh the tank. 4.eight.2. Computer software Raspbian TP-064 Purity & Documentation Stretch (GNU/Linux 9.1) was utilized as the operating technique to get a minicomputer module. This module utilizes the 4 cores in the ARM Processor to operate in parallel. The principle program was implemented in Python (version three.5) scripts.
