Echnology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; hollytianye@163 (Y.T.); [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (W.Y.); melakshaa@yahoo (S.M.); [email protected] (Y.N.); [email protected] (W.W.); [email protected] (L.Z.) Animal Production Study Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza 12618, Egypt Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-25-84399269; Fax: +86-25-Citation: Tian, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Yu, W.; Melak, S.; Niu, Y.; Wei, W.; Zhang, L.; Chen, J. ACAT2 Is often a Novel Unfavorable Regulator of Pig Intramuscular Preadipocytes Differentiation. Biomolecules 2022, 12, 237. doi.org/10.3390/biom12020237 Academic Editor: Juan J. Loor Received: 24 December 2021 Accepted: 28 January 2022 Published: 31 January 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Abstract: Intramuscular fat (IMF) is viewed as because the fat deposited between muscle fibers. The extracellular matrix microenvironment of adipose tissue is of important importance for the differentiation, remodeling and function of adipocytes. Thus, in this study we extracted the muscle tissue centrifugal fluid (MTF) in the longissimus dorsi of Erhualian pigs to mimic the microenvironment of intramuscular pre-adipocytes. MTF of pigs with low intramuscular fat level can inhibit pig intramuscular pre-adipocytes differentiation. Then, proteomics technologies (iTRAQ) was utilized to analyze the MTF with distinctive IMF content material, and it was located that men and women with higher IMF had low ACAT2 (Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferases 2) levels, even though people with low IMF had higher ACAT2 levels. Substantial changes took location in the pathways involved in coenzyme A, which are closely related to fat and cholesterol metabolism. Hence, we speculate that ACAT2, as a crucial element involved in cholesterol metabolism, may grow to be a possible molecular marker for the mechanism of pig intramuscular preadipocytes differentiation. Overexpression of ACAT2 in pig intramuscular pre-adipocytes can inhibit their differentiation, whilst adding ACAT2 inhibitor avasimibe can rescue the method. Knockdown of srebp2 or ldlr, which are two crucial genes closely related to ACAT2 and cholesterol metabolism, can inhibit pig intramuscular pre-adipocytes differentiation. General, our benefits suggest that ACAT2 is really a novel unfavorable regulator of intramuscular adipocyte differentiation by way of regulation of ppar, cebp signaling and srebp2/ldlr signaling involved in cholesterol metabolism. Keyword phrases: ACAT2; microenvironment; pre-adipocytes; differentiation; LDLR; SREBP1. Introduction Intramuscular fat (IMF), the fat deposited between muscle fibers, has negative effects on wellness, closely associated with insulin resistance and obesity [1].Chicoric acid Apoptosis,Metabolic Enzyme/Protease,NF-κB,Immunology/Inflammation The extracellular matrix microenvironment of adipose tissue is of vital value for the differentiation, remodeling and function of adipocytes [2].T-00127_HEV1 MedChemExpress Compared with subcutaneous adipocytes, intramuscular adipocytes have reduced lipogenic enzyme activities, and decrease lipid content material [3].PMID:23937941 Our preceding research have shown that muscle conditioned medium, as a simulation in the extracellular microenvironment, can decrease intramuscular adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation [4,5]. Triglycerides are extensively involved in lipid metabolism, and a few research have shown that cholesterol plays an important role in lipid metabolism [6,7.
